CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN: CÁCH DÙNG, BÀI TẬP CỤ THỂ

Câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn là dạng câu được sử dụng nhiều trong giao tiếp và nhiều văn bản tiếng Anh. Vì vậy, nắm chắc được những cấu trúc và lưu ý về câu bị động của thì này sẽ giúp bạn có nền tảng tiếng Anh vững chắc và tự tin giao tiếp. Trong bài viết dưới đây, Tiếng Anh trẻ em BingGo Leaders sẽ tổng hợp lại những kiến thức quan trọng của dạng câu này nhé! 

1. Lý thuyết câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn

Câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn có những quy tắc sử dụng, công thức, và ý nghĩa tương tự như các thì khác trong tiếng Anh, nhưng vẫn có những điểm đặc trưng riêng. Điều đó sẽ được chúng tôi chia sẻ trong nội dung dưới đây:

1.1 Thì quá khứ đơn có cấu trúc và cách dùng như nào?

Cấu trúc của thì quá khứ đơn thường có cấu trúc như sau:

Dạng khẳng định

Ví dụ: I visited my classmate last weekend (Tôi đã thăm bạn cùng lớp vào cuối tuần trước)

She finished her script yesterday. (Cô ấy đã hoàn thành kịch bản vào ngày hôm qua)

Dạng phủ định

Ví dụ: They did not finish their project on time. (Họ đã không hoàn thành dự án đúng hạn)

He didn't go to the Dino's party last night. (Anh ấy đã không đi dự tiệc của Dino tối qua)

Dạng nghi vấn

Ví dụ: Did Dung watch the movie yesterday? (Dung đã xem bộ phim hôm qua phải không?)

Did Bella call you last night? (Bella đã gọi cho bạn tối qua phải không?)

Xem thêm: CÁC CÁCH ĐẶT CÂU HỎI TRONG TIẾNG ANH ĐƠN GIẢN

Cách dùng của thì quá khứ đơn

Có rất nhiều tình huống bạn có thể dùng thì quá khứ đơn để diễn tả sao cho trọn vẹn nghĩa và đúng ngữ cảnh nhất có thể. Thì này có một số cách dùng tiêu biểu như sau:

Công thức thì quá khứ đơn

1.2 Câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn

Câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh hành động hoặc đối tượng chịu tác động của hành động trong quá khứ, thay vì người thực hiện hành động. Cũng tương tự như các câu bị động của các thì khác, chủ ngữ là người hoặc vật chịu ảnh hưởng của hành động.

Ví dụ: The Offer Letter was sent yesterday (Lá thư mời nhập học đã được gửi vào ngày hôm qua)

Câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn có cấu trúc đơn giản như sau:

Cấu trúc câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn

Khi thực hành chuyển đổi từ câu từ dạng chủ động sang dạng bị động, bạn cũng cần lưu ý một số điều sau: 

• Vai trò của các thành phần trong câu có thể bị thay đổi như chủ ngữ của câu chủ động sẽ biến thành tân ngữ trong câu bị động và ngược lại.
• Thực hiện xác định thành phần câu chính xác để áp dụng công thức chuyển đổi môt cách chính xác nhất.
• Trong một vài trường hợp đặc biệt, bạn có thể giữ tân ngữ để làm rõ nghĩa của câu được thực hiện bởi một chủ ngữ cụ thể. 
• Khi chuyển câu từ chủ động sang bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và trạng thái hoàn thành được giữ nguyên để truyền tải đầy đủ ý nghĩa của câu gốc, đồng thời giúp câu bị động phản ánh chính xác thời gian xảy ra hành động trong quá khứ.

Xem thêm: TOP 5 PHƯƠNG PHÁP HỌC TIẾNG ANH HIỆU QUẢ CHO TRẺ EM TẠI NHÀ

2. Bài tập về câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn có đính kèm đáp án 

Một số dạng bài tập để bạn có thể thực hành ngay sau khi học xong kiến thức lý thuyết trên. Cùng BingGo luyện tập ngay thôi nào!

Bài Tập 1: Chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động

1. The volunteers cleaned the beach last weekend.
2. The scientists conducted an important experiment.
3. The director announced the results yesterday.
4. The workers repaired the road after the storm.
5. The committee selected the winner of the competition.
6. The children painted the fence yesterday.
7. They held the conference in New York.
8. The photographer took amazing photos of the sunset.
9. The organization provided food for the homeless.
10. They awarded the prize to the top performer.

Bài Tập 2: Chuyển câu bị động sang câu chủ động

1. The letter was sent by Nhung yesterday.
2. The book was translated into several languages by the author.
3. The meeting was scheduled by the NA team leader.
4. The speech was delivered by the Trump president last night.
5. The invitation was sent by Sarah to all her friends.
6. The new policy was introduced by the government last month.
7. The prize was won by a young athlete.
8. The car was washed by the teenagers.
9. The new store was opened by the manager.
10. The festival was organized by a local group.

Bài Tập 3: Điền từ vào chỗ trống 

1. The movie _______ (watch) by the students in the theater.
2. The book _______ (write) by an unknown author many years ago.
3. The concert _______ (hold) in the city park last summer.
4. The proposal _______ (review) by the board of directors yesterday.
5. The house _______ (paint) in bright colors by the new owners.
6. The dinner _______ (cook) by the chef at the restaurant.
7. The invitation _______ (send) to all the guests last month.
8. The decision _______ (announce) by the president during the meeting.
9. The award _______ (give) to the best student at the ceremony.
10. The documents _______ (sign) by the CEO last Friday.

Bài Tập 4: Sắp xếp từ để tạo thành câu

1. the / by / cake / decorated / was / the / last / week
2. the / by / report / was / written / the / journalist / yesterday
3. the / was / book / published / the / author / last year
4. the / was / repaired / the / last / broken / machine / month
5. by / the / dinner / prepared / was / chef / last night
6. the / was / cleaned / the / house / by / last / month
7. the / was / discovered / the / ancient / city / explorers / by
8. by / the / presentation / was / given / professor / the / yesterday
9. the / was / addressed / envelope / the / company / sent / earlier
10. the / was / given / the / certificate / the / winner / last week

Xem thêm: LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

Bài Tập 5: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. The cake _______ decorated by the chef last week.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

2. The book _______ borrowed from the library yesterday.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

3. The project _______ completed on time.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

4. The dinner _______ prepared by the chef last night.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

5. The message _______ delivered yesterday.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

6. The house _______ cleaned by the maid in the morning.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

7. The award _______ given to the winner last week.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

8. The presentation _______ delivered by the speaker yesterday.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

9. The garden _______ watered by the gardener this morning.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

10. The book _______ published last year.

a) was

b) were

c) being

d) been

Bài tập 6: Chọn câu bị động đúng

1. The BBL artist painted a beautiful picture.

a) A beautiful picture were painted by the BBL artist.

b) A beautiful picture was painted by the BBL artist.

c) A beautiful picture was painting by the BBL artist.

d) A beautiful picture was painted the BBL artist by.

2. The company launched a new product.

a) A new product was launched by the company.

b) A new product were launched by the company.

c) A new product was launching by the company.

d) A new product was launched the company by.

3. The manager approved the new policy.

a)The new policy was approving by the manager.

b) The new policy were approved by the manager.

c) The new policy was approved by the manager

d) The new policy was approved the manager by.

4. The journalist wrote the article.

a) The article was written by the journalist.

b) The article were written by the journalist.

c) The article was writing by the journalist.

d) The article was written the journalist by.

5. The architect designed the new building.

a) The new building was designed the architect by.

b) The new building were designed by the architect.

c) The new building was designing by the architect.

d) The new building was designed by the architect. 

6. The engineer fixed the computer.

a) The computer were fixed by the engineer.

b) The computer was fixing by the engineer.

c) The computer was fixed by the engineer.

d) The computer was fixed the engineer by.

7. The chef cooked the dinner.

a) The dinner was cooked the chef by.

b) The dinner was cooking by the chef.

c) The dinner were cooked by the chef.

d) The dinner was cooked by the chef.

8. The author wrote the novel.

a) The novel was writing by the author.

b) The novel was written by the author.

c) The novel were written by the author.

d) The novel was written the author by.

9. The company offered a new position.

a) A new position was offered by the company.

b) A new position was offering by the company.

c) A new position were offered by the company.

d) A new position was offered the company by.

10. The musicians performed the concert.

a) The concert were performed by the musicians.

b) The concert was performed by the musicians.

c) The concert was performing by the musicians.

d) The concert was performed the musicians by.

Bài Tập 7: Tìm lỗi sai

1. The book was wrote by the author last year.
2. The house were cleaned by the workers yesterday.
3. The letter was send by the secretary this morning.
4. The cake were baked by my mother last weekend.
5. The movie were watched by the audience last night.
6. The project was complete by the team on time.
7. The car was repair by the mechanic last week.
8. The dinner were served by the waiter at the party.
9. The dress was designed by the fashion designer last month.
10. The email were sent by the manager two days ago.

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài Tập 1: 

1. The beach was cleaned last weekend by the volunteers.
2. An important experiment was conducted by the scientists.
3. The results were announced yesterday by the director.
4. The road was repaired after the storm by the workers.
5. The winner of the competition was selected by the committee.
6. The fence was painted yesterday by the children.
7. The conference was held in New York.
8. Amazing photos of the sunset were taken by the photographer.
9. Food was provided for the homeless by the organization.
10. The prize was awarded to the top performer.

Bài Tập 2:

1. Nhung sent the letter yesterday
2. The author translated the book into several languages.
3. The NA team leader scheduled the meeting.
4. The Trump president delivered the speech last night.
5. Sarah sent the invitation to all her friends.
6. The government introduced the new policy last month
7. A young athlete won the prize.
8. The teenagers washed the car.
9. The manager opened the new store.
10. A local group organized the festival.

Bài Tập 3:

1. The movie was watched by the students in the theater.
2. The book was written by an unknown author many years ago.
3. The concert was held in the city park last summer.
4. The proposal was reviewed by the board of directors yesterday.
5. The house was painted in bright colors by the new owners.
6. The dinner was cooked by the chef at the restaurant.
7. The invitation was sent to all the guests last month.
8. The decision was announced by the president during the meeting.
9. The award was given to the best student at the ceremony.
10. The documents were signed by the CEO last Friday.

Bài Tập 4:

1. The cake was decorated by the last week.
2. The report was written by the journalist yesterday.
3. The book was published by the author last year.
4. The broken machine was repaired by the last month.
5. The dinner was prepared by the chef last night.
6. The house was cleaned by the last month.
7. The ancient city was discovered by the explorers.
8. The presentation was given by the professor yesterday.
9. The envelope was addressed by the company earlier.
10. The certificate was given to the winner last week.

Bài Tập 5: 

1. The cake was decorated by the chef last week. 
2. The book was borrowed from the library yesterday. 
3. The project was completed on time.
4. The dinner was prepared by the chef last night. 
5. The message was delivered yesterday. 
6. The house was cleaned by the maid in the morning. 
7. The award was given to the winner last week. 
8. The presentation was delivered by the speaker yesterday. 
9. The garden was watered by the gardener this morning. 
10. The book was published last year. 

Bài Tập 6:

1. b) A beautiful picture was painted by the artist.
2. a) A new product was launched by the company.
3. c) The new policy was approved by the manager.
4. a) The article was written by the journalist.
5. d) The new building was designed by the architect.
6. c) The computer was fixed by the engineer
7. d) The dinner was cooked by the chef
8. b) The novel was written by the author
9. a) A new position was offered by the company.
10. b) The concert was performed by the musicians

Bài Tập 7:

1. Lỗi sai: was wrote

Sửa: was written.

2. Lỗi sai: were cleaned

Sửa: was cleaned

3. Lỗi sai: was send

Sửa: was sent.

4. Lỗi sai: were baked

Sửa: was baked

5. Lỗi sai: were watched

Sửa: was watched.

6. Lỗi sai: was complete

Sửa: was completed.

7. Lỗi sai: was repair

Sửa: was repaired.

8. Lỗi sai: were served

Sửa: was served

9. Lỗi sai: Không có lỗi sai

Sửa: Không cần sửa chữa

10. Lỗi sai: were sent

Sửa: was sent

3. Kết Luận

Bài viết trên BingGo đã chia sẻ những kiến thức trọng điểm về câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn và đính kèm thêm nhiều bài tập để bạn có thể nắm thật chắc kiến thức và thuần thục khi áp dụng vào đời sống hàng này. Tiếng Anh trẻ em BingGo Leaders sẽ giới thiệu nhiều những kiến thức Tiếng Anh bổ ích trong những bài viết sắp tới, đừng bỏ lỡ nhé!